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Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. It should not be confused with green chemistry, which seeks to reduce potential pollution at its source. It can be defined as the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in the air, soil, and water environments; and the effect of human activity and biological activity on these. Environmental chemistry is an interdisciplinary science that includes atmospheric, aquatic and soil chemistry, as well as heavily relying on analytical chemistry and being related to environmental and other areas of science. Environmental chemistry is the study of chemical processes occurring in the environment which are impacted by humankind's activities. These impacts may be felt on a local scale, through the presence of urban air pollutants or toxic substances arising from a chemical waste site, or on a global scale, through depletion of stratospheric ozone or global warming. The focus in our courses and research activities is upon developing a fundamental understanding of the nature of these chemical processes, so that humankind's activities can be accurately evaluated. Environmental chemistry involves first understanding how the uncontaminated environment works, which chemicals in what concentrations are present naturally, and with what effects. Without this it would be impossible to accurately study the effects humans have on the environment through the release of chemicals. Environmental chemists draw on a range of concepts from chemistry and various environmental sciences to assist in their study of what is happening to a chemical species in the environment. Important general concepts from chemistry include understanding chemical reactions and equations, solutions, units, sampling, and analytical techniques.〔Williams, Ian. ''Environmental Chemistry, A Modular Approach''. Wiley. 2001. ISBN 0-471-48942-5〕 ==Contamination== A contaminant is a substance present in nature at a level higher than typical levels or that would not otherwise be there.〔(Glossary to the Buzzards Bay Watershed Management Plan )〕〔American Meteorological Society. (Glossary of Meteorology )〕 This may be due to human activity. The term contaminant is often used interchangeably with ''pollutant'', which is a substance that has a detrimental impact on the surrounding environment.〔North Carolina State University. Department of Soil Science. ("Glossary." )〕〔Global Resource Action Center for the Environment (GRACE). New York, NY. (Sustainable Table: Dictionary )〕 Whilst a contaminant is sometimes defined as a substance present in the environment as a result of human activity, but without harmful effects, it is sometimes the case that toxic or harmful effects from contamination only become apparent at a later date.〔Harrison, R.M (edited by). ''Understanding Our Environment, An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry and Pollution, Third Edition''. Royal Society of Chemistry. 1999. ISBN 0-85404-584-8〕 The "medium" (e.g. soil) or organism (e.g. fish) affected by the pollutant or contaminant is called a ''receptor'', whilst a ''sink'' is a chemical medium or species that retains and interacts with the pollutant. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Environmental chemistry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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